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Gastropod carbonate ¹⁸O and ¹³C values record strong seasonal productivity and stratification shifts during the late Eocene in England

¹ Department of Earth Sciences, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR, United Kingdom

High-resolution ¹⁸O and ¹³C measurements obtained from the gastropod Clavilithes macrospira provide the most detailed record of seasonal change in temperature (range 14 °C), seawater chemistry, and bottom-water ventilation yet obtained from late Eocene strata (type Bartonian, ca. 40 Ma). The ¹⁸O oscillations suggest a linear rate of long-term growth and rapid growth in spring–early summer. Coherence analysis shows that ¹³C patterns vary from being closely in phase with respect to annual ¹⁸O oscillations, to being antiphase, with a phase shift toward a spring, or more rarely, an autumnal ¹³C peak. These patterns are attributed to unstable seasonal productivity and/or the development of a seston-rich bottom layer, in which the ¹³C gradients arising from seasonal eutrophication were perturbed by spring storms. Such episodes may have led to the decline and extinction of oligotrophic marine biota with photosymbionts, including Nummulites, in the late Eocene.

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