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Step-leach Pb-Pb dating of inclusion-bearing garnet and staurolite, with implications for Early Proterozoic tectonism in the Black Hills collisional orogen, South Dakota, United States

¹ Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
² Gruppe Isotopengeologie, Mineralogisch-Petrographisches Institut, Universität Bern, Erlachstrasse 9a, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

We report ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb stepwise-leaching (PbSL) ages of 1762 ± 15 Ma, 1759 ± 8 Ma, and 1760 ± 7 Ma for almandine garnet, staurolite, and garnet-staurolite (combined) in an Early Proterozoic metapelite from the Black Hills collisional orogen, South Dakota. PbSL-derived ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb (Th/U) trends reveal that staurolite contains inclusions of both cogenetic monazite (ca. 1760 ± 7 Ma) and older detrital zircon (2040 Ma), whereas coexisting garnet contains only the zircon. These results and petrologic data indicate prograde sequential growth of garnet, monazite, and staurolite during tectonic burial at temperatures between 400 °C and 550 °C (i.e., well below Pb closure temperatures). We interpret the 1760 ± 7 Ma date as a maximum age for Wyoming-Superior continental collision in the Black Hills, which apparently postdated the 1800–1900 Ma Trans-Hudson orogeny in Canada, but was nearly synchronous with north-directed accretion of the Central Plains orogen in southeastern Wyoming.

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