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Long-lived mantle-plume influence on an Archean protocontinent: Geochemical evidence from the 3 Ga Lumby Lake greenstone belt, Ontario, Canada

¹ Centre for Strategic Mineral Deposits, Department of Geology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
² Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada

The 3.0 to 2.9 Ga Lumby Lake belt of the Superior province is composed of plume-related komatiite-tholeiite sequences and calc-alkalic volcanic units, and tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite units formed by coeval magmatism; they are all intercalated throughout a 100 m.y. interval. These observations are inconsistent with plateau-accretion models of crustal growth. Sporadic subduction of plume-modified ocean spreading centers, followed by plume impingement beneath a northern Superior province cratonic nucleus, more readily accounts for the long duration of coexisting plume- and arc-type volcanism. The recognition of such complex geodynamic settings in the Archean has important consequences for crustal-growth models.

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