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Geology; March 1999; v. 27; no. 3; p. 247-250; DOI: 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0247:RFFSOT>2.3.CO;2
© 1999 Geological Society of America
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Range-front fault scarps of the Sierra El Mayor, Baja California: Formed above an active low-angle normal fault?

Gary J. Axen1, John M. Fletcher2, Eric Cowgill1, Michael Murphy1, Paul Kapp1, Ian MacMillan1, Ernesto Ramos-Velázquez2 and Jorge Aranda-Gómez3

1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
2 Departamento de Geología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
3 Unidad de Ciencias de la Tierra, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, México

The Cañada David detachment, a west-dipping low-angle normal fault, juxtaposes Pliocene and Pleistocene(?) sedimentary units over sheared bedrock in the Sierra El Mayor, Baja California. Along the west-central range front, the detachment is overlapped by Quaternary alluvial fans that are, in turn, cut by fault scarps up to 7 m high. Map relationships suggest that scarp-forming faults may sole into the detachment at very shallow depth (<200–300 m). Palinspastic restoration of a topographic profile across 15 north-striking scarps suggests that the ratio of net heave to net throw along scarp-forming faults is ~2, consistent with them soling into a low-angle (~30°) fault. These 15 scarps may have all formed in one earthquake, with rupture propagation from depth to the near-surface aided by clay gouge along the detachment. The detachment is abandoned in the footwall east of the scarps.




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