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1 School of Earth Sciences and Centre for Ore Deposit Research, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
3 Australian Geological Survey Organisation, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
2 Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
Immiscible phases derived from degassing silicate magmas are considered to be precursors of metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids in porphyry deposits. The development of melt-inclusion techniques provides a window into this critical period of porphyry formation, when the cooling, decompression, and crystallization of silicate melts result in the formation of immiscible phases. The record of magmatic to hydrothermal evolution is presented using inclusions in clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the syenitic Balut dike, one of the host-rock lithologies for mineralization at the Dinkidi Cu-Au porphyry deposit, Philippines. Primary inclusions include silicate glass, multiphase aggregates comprising salts, silicates, sulfates, carbonates, sulfides and oxides, and highly saline aqueous fluids. Various analyses, including in situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry of the multiphase inclusions, determined elevated concentrations of Cl, S, As, Tl, K, Na, and a number of metals, including those that form ore-grade deposits (e.g., Cu) and those that do not (e.g., Mo, Pb, Zn, and W) at the Dinkidi porphyry deposit. Silicate melt and multiphase salt-rich inclusions in clinopyroxene are interpreted as having originally formed as immiscible phases at magmatic temperatures.
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