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1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
2 School of Earth Sciences and Centre for Ore Deposit Research, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
3 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
4 Australian Geological Survey Organisation, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
Foid-bearing syenites and endoskarn xenoliths of the A.D. 472 Vesuvius eruption represent the magma chamber–carbonate wall-rock interface. Melt inclusions hosted in crystals from these rocks offer a rare opportunity to depict the formation and the composition of metasomatic skarn-forming fluids at the peripheral part of a growing K-alkaline magma chamber disrupted by an explosive eruption. Four principal types of melt inclusions represent highly differentiated phonolite (type 1), hydrosaline melt (type 3), unmixed silicate– salt melts (type 2), and a complex chloride-carbonate melt with minor sulfates (type 4). The high-temperature (700–800 °C) magmatic-derived hydrosaline melt is considered to be the main metasomatic agent for the skarn-forming reactions. The interaction between this melt (fluid) and carbonate wall rocks produces a Na-K-Ca carbonate-chloride melt that shows immiscibility between carbonate and chloride constituents at 
700 °C in 1 atm experiments. This unmixing can be viewed as a possible mechanism for the origin of carbonatites associated with intrusion-related skarn systems.
Key Words: Vesuvius • skarn • melt inclusions • immiscibility
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