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1 Geological Survey of Canada, 615 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E9, Canada
2 Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
3 Deep Submergence Laboratory, Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
4 Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
5 Phoenix Geophysics Ltd., 3781 Victoria Park Avenue, Scarborough, Ontario M1W 3K5, Canada
The Archean Slave craton in northwestern Canada is an ideal natural laboratory for investigating lithosphere formation and evolution, and has become an international focus of broad geoscientific investigation following the discovery of economic diamondiferous kimberlite pipes. Three deep-probing magnetotelluric surveys have recently been carried out on the craton using novel acquisition procedures. The magnetotelluric responses reveal an unexpected and remarkable anomaly in electrical conductivity, collocated with the kimberlite field that is modeled as a spatially confined upper mantle region of low resistivity (<30 
·m) at depths of 80–100+ km, and is interpreted to be due to dissolved hydrogen or carbon in graphite form. This geophysically anomalous upper mantle region is also spatially coincident with a geochemically defined ultradepleted harzburgitic layer. The tectonic processes that emplaced this structure are possibly related to the lithospheric subduction and trapping of overlying oceanic mantle at 2630–2620 Ma.
Key Words: Slave Province • magnetotelluric surveys • electromagnetic • Archean • electrical conductivity • plate tectonics
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