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1 Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
2 Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
3 Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
4 Marine Geology Department, Geological Survey of Japan, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
5 Department of Earth Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
6 School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, Rusden Campus, 662 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Our studies in southern China have revealed a remarkable sulfur and strontium isotope excursion at the end of the Permian, along with a coincident concentration of impact- metamorphosed grains and kaolinite and a significant decrease in manganese, phosphorous, calcium, and microfossils (foraminifera). These data suggest that an asteroid or a comet hit the ocean at the end of Permian time and caused a rapid and massive release of sulfur from the mantle to the ocean-atmosphere system, leading to significant oxygen consumption, acid rain, and the most severe biotic crisis in the history of life on Earth.
Key Words: mass extinctions • Permian • S-34/S-32 • Sr-87/Sr-86 • impact metamorphism • elements • clay minerals
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