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1 Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
2 Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany
Possible links between orogenic uplift and the strengthening of the South Asian monsoon are best examined in the Arabian Sea, where the erosional flux is not dominated by the High Himalaya, as in the Bengal Fan, but is controlled by Tibet, the Karakoram, and the Hindu Kush. The erosional flux from these mountains into a basin where the monsoon is well dated allows a direct comparison of erosional, tectonic, and climatic processes. New seismic data from the proximal Indus Fan permit the thickest part of this system to be dated for the first time through correlation to drilling sites. After converting time sections to depth and then accounting for sediment compaction, the data show a two- to threefold increase in mass flux to the upper fan and continental shelf, peaking during the middle Miocene (1611 Ma), and falling from the late Miocene to the present. Increased sedimentation rates are accompanied by the growth of channel-levee complexes. High sediment flux does not correlate with monsoonal strengthening at 8.5 Ma, but follows uplift of the Murray Ridge, uplift in Tibet and the Karakoram after 20 Ma, and the start of transpression along the Karakoram fault at 18 Ma (>20 km of erosion).
Key Words: Indus Fan Himalayas monsoon erosion Arabian Sea
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