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Geology; May 2002; v. 30; no. 5; p. 439-442; DOI: 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0439:GSII>2.0.CO;2
© 2002 Geological Society of America
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Glaciohydraulic supercooling in Iceland

Matthew J. Roberts*,1, Fiona S. Tweed*,1, Andrew J. Russell*,2, Óskar Knudsen*,3, Daniel E. Lawson*,4, Grahame J. Larson*,5, Edward B. Evenson*,6 and Helgi Björnsson*,7

1 Geography Department, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK
2 School of Earth Sciences and Geography, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
3 Klettur Consulting Engineers, Bíldshöfa 12, IS-112, Reykjavík, Iceland
4 U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Anchorage, Alaska 99505, USA
5 Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
6 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
7 Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavík, Iceland

We present evidence of glaciohydraulic supercooling under jökulhlaup and ablation- dominated conditions from two temperate Icelandic glaciers. Observations show that freezing of sediment-laden meltwater leads to intraglacial debris entrainment during normal and extreme hydrologic regimes. Intraglacial frazil ice propagation under normal ablation-dominated conditions can trap copious volumes of sediment, which forms anomalously thick sections of debris-rich ice. Glaciohydraulic supercooling plays an important role in intraglacial debris entrainment and should be given more attention in models of basal ice development. Extreme jökulhlaup conditions can result in significant intraglacial sediment accretion by supercooling, which may explain the concentration of englacial sediments deposited in Heinrich layers in the North Atlantic during the last glaciation.

Key Words: jökulhlaups • glaciofluvial sedimentation • accretion • hydraulic fracturing • Iceland




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