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1 U.S. Geological Survey, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
2 U.S. Geological Survey, MS 999, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
3 College of Oceanography, Oceanography Administration Building 104, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
4 Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4010, USA
5 U.S. Geological Survey, MS 999, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
Petrologic models suggest that dehydration and metamorphism of subducting slabs release water that serpentinizes the overlying forearc mantle. To test these models, we use the results of controlled-source seismic surveys and earthquake tomography to map the upper mantle along the Cascadia margin forearc. We find anomalously low upper-mantle velocities and/or weak wide-angle reflections from the top of the upper mantle in a narrow region along the margin, compatible with recent teleseismic studies and indicative of a serpentinized upper mantle. The existence of a hydrated forearc upper-mantle wedge in Cascadia has important geological and geophysical implications. For example, shearing within the upper mantle, inferred from seismic reflectivity and consistent with its serpentinite rheology, may occur during aseismic slow slip events on the megathrust. In addition, progressive dehydration of the hydrated mantle wedge south of the Mendocino triple junction may enhance the effects of a slab gap during the evolution of the California margin.
Key Words: serpentinite • mantle • forearc • Moho • Cascadia
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