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Geology; July 2004; v. 32; no. 7; p. 549-552; DOI: 10.1130/G20379.1
© 2004 Geological Society of America
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Geophysical evidence for hydration of the crust and mantle of the Nazca plate during bending at the north Chile trench

C.R. Ranero1 and V. Sallarès2

1 Institut für Meereswissenschaften and Research Center for Marine Geosciences (GEOMAR) and Sonderforschungsbereich 574, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
2 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)—Géosciences Azur, B.P. 48, 06235 Villefranche-sur-mer, France

Water transported in subducting oceanic plates plays a key role in a number of phenomena, including intraslab seismicity and arc magmatism. However, the locus of plate hydration and water distribution in crust and mantle of plates entering subduction zones is debated. We present evidence for anomalously low seismic velocities and densities of the crust and upper mantle of the Nazca plate at the north Chile trench. Crustal seismic velocities at the trench are lower than velocities of mature fast-spreading crust and even lower than velocities of highly extended slow-spreading crust. In addition, the Nazca plate at the north Chile trench may contain an ~20-km-thick upper-mantle layer with ~17% serpentine, which implies ~2.5 wt% water. These results document pervasive rock alteration by water percolation linked to bending-related extensional faulting.

Key Words: subduction zones • bend faulting • crust hydration • serpentinization




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