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Geology; September 2004; v. 32; no. 9; p. 741-744; DOI: 10.1130/G20642.1
© 2004 Geological Society of America
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Megatsunami deposits on Kohala volcano, Hawaii, from flank collapse of Mauna Loa

Gary M. McMurtry1, Gerard J. Fryer1, David R. Tappin2, Ian P. Wilkinson2, Mark Williams2, Jan Fietzke3, Dieter Garbe-Schoenberg3 and Philip Watts4

1 School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
2 British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
3 Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet Kiel, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Abt. Geologie, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
4 Applied Fluids Engineering, Inc., Mail Box 237, 5710 East 7th Street, Long Beach, California 90803, USA

The origin of coastal and high-elevation marine gravels on the Hawaiian islands of Lanai and Molokai is controversial, because the vertical tectonics of these islands is poorly constrained. The gravels are either from eustatic highstands or were left by massive tsunamis from offshore giant landslides. In contrast, at Kohala on the island of Hawaii, where continuous subsidence is well established, lithofacies analysis and dating of a fossiliferous marine conglomerate 1.5–61 m above present sea level support a tsunami origin and indicate a runup of >400 m >6 km inland. The conglomerate age, 110 ± 10 ka, suggests a tsunami caused by the ca. 120 ka giant Alika 2 landslide from nearby Mauna Loa volcano.

Key Words: landslide • tsunami • deposits • reef • subsidence • Hawaii




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