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Rapid marine recovery after the end-Permian mass-extinction event in the absence of marine anoxia

¹ Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan, and School of Earth, Ocean and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
² Institute for Paleontology, Vienna University, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
³ Geological Museum, UNIL-BFSH2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
⁴ School of Earth, Ocean and Planetary Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3YE, UK
⁵ Geological Museum, UNIL-BFSH2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

A new Early Triassic marine fauna is described from the Central Oman Mountains. The fauna is Griesbachian in age, on the basis of abundant conodonts and ammonoids, and was deposited in an oxygenated seamount setting off the Arabian platform margin. It is the first Griesbachian assemblage from a well-oxygenated marine setting and thus provides a test for the hypothesis that widespread anoxia prevented rapid recovery. The earliest Griesbachian (parvus zone) contains a low-diversity benthic fauna dominated by the bivalves Promyalina and Claraia. A similar level of recovery characterizes the immediate postextinction interval worldwide. However, the middle upper Griesbachian sedimentary rocks (isarcica and carinata zones) contain an incredibly diverse benthic fauna of bivalves, gastropods, articulate brachiopods, a new undescribed crinoid, echinoids, and ostracods. This fauna is more diverse and ecologically complex than the typical middle to late Griesbachian faunas described from oxygen-restricted settings worldwide. The level of postextinction recovery observed in the Oman fauna is not recorded elsewhere until the Spathian. These data support the hypothesis that the apparent delay in recovery after the end-Permian extinction event was due to widespread and prolonged benthic oxygen restriction: in the absence of anoxia, marine recovery is much faster.

Key Words: Permian • Triassic • extinction • recovery • anoxia • Oman

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