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Geology; January 2005; v. 33; no. 1; p. 33-36; DOI: 10.1130/G20941.1
© 2005 Geological Society of America
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Atmospheric CO2 fluctuations during the last millennium reconstructed by stomatal frequency analysis of Tsuga heterophylla needles

Lenny Kouwenberg1, Rike Wagner1, Wolfram Kürschner1 and Henk Visscher1

1 Palaeoecology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands

A stomatal frequency record based on buried Tsuga heterophylla needles reveals significant centennial-scale atmospheric CO2 fluctuations during the last millennium. The record includes four CO2 minima of 260–275 ppmv (ca. A.D. 860 and A.D. 1150, and less prominently, ca. A.D. 1600 and 1800). Alternating CO2 maxima of 300–320 ppmv are present at A.D. 1000, A.D. 1300, and ca. A.D. 1700. These CO2 fluctuations parallel global terrestrial air temperature changes, as well as oceanic surface temperature fluctuations in the North Atlantic. The results obtained in this study corroborate the notion of a continuous coupling of the preindustrial atmospheric CO2 regime and climate.

Key Words: carbon dioxide • paleoclimate • Holocene • conifers • climate controls • paleoecology




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Reviews in Mineralogy and GeochemistryHome page
L. L.R. Kouwenberg, W. M. Kurschner, and J. C. McElwain
Stomatal Frequency Change Over Altitudinal Gradients: Prospects for Paleoaltimetry
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, October 1, 2007; 66(1): 215 - 241.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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