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1 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1272, USA
2 Department of Geology (ES 236), 516 High Street, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225-9080, USA
3 Flagstaff Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA
4 Department of Geology (ES 236), 516 High Street, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225-9080, USA
5 Department of Geology, 4505 Old Main Hall, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4505, USA
6 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
7 Department of Earth & Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA
Late Miocene to early Pliocene deposits at Split Mountain Gorge, California, preserve a record of basinal response to changes in regional tectonics, paleogeography, and evolution of the Colorado River. The base of the Elephant Trees Formation, magnetostratigraphically dated as 8.1 ± 0.4 Ma, provides the earliest well-dated record of extension in the southwestern Salton Trough. The oldest marine sediments are ca. 6.3 Ma. The nearly synchronous timing of marine incursion in the Salton Trough and northern Gulf of California region supports a model for localization of Pacific–North America plate motion in the Gulf ca. 6 Ma. The first appearance of Colorado River sand at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary (5.33 Ma) suggests rapid propagation of the river to the Salton Trough, and supports a lake-spillover hypothesis for initiation of the lower Colorado River.
Key Words: California • stratigraphy • tectonics • Miocene • Pliocene • Salton Trough • Colorado River
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