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Highstand transport of coastal sand to the deep ocean: A case study from Fraser Island, southeast Australia

¹ Discipline of Earth Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 NSW, Australia
² Australian School of Petroleum, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 SA, Australia
³ Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada

Deep-water sands form a new frontier for marine geology and petroleum exploration, but how does sand reach the deep sea? Existing geological models predict that deep-water sands are mainly supplied from rivers during times of low sea level, or by incision of canyons into the shelf to tap river or longshore-transport sand sources. Here, we demonstrate that at high sea level, southeast Australian deep-water sands are delivered by a wave-driven coastal transport system, interacting with estuarine ebb tidal flows, that transports sand over the shelf edge at a change in margin orientation. Discovery of this new process results from an investigation that combines multibeam acoustic, microfaunal, zircon and luminescence dating, oceanographic, Landsat, remotely operated vehicle, and sediment property methods. Our longshore transport–driven model is capable of forecasting new locations for deep-water sand deposits in a predictive paleoclimatic and paleotectonic setting.

Key Words: longshore transport • sea level • Fraser Island • coastal • deep water • sand transport • high-stand • sediment

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