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Onset of long-term cooling of Greenland near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary as revealed by branched tetraether lipids

¹ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands
² Shell UK Exploration and Production, 1 Altens Farm Road, Nigg, Aberdeen AB12 3FY, UK
³ Department of Zoology, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6A9, Canada
⁴ School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
⁵ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands

The Eocene-Oligocene (E-O) boundary interval is considered to be one of the major transitions in Earth's climate, witnessing the first major expansion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. However, the extent of the associated climatic cooling, especially for high northern latitude continental landmasses, is poorly constrained. In this study we reconstruct the first mean annual air temperature (MAAT) for the Greenland landmass during the late Eocene and early Oligocene by applying a new proxy based on the distribution of branched tetraether lipids derived from soil bacteria preserved in a marine sediment core from the Greenland Basin. The temperature estimates are compared with a composite continental temperature record based on bio-climatic analysis of pollen assemblages. Both proxies reveal comparable late Eocene MAATs of 13–15 °C and a gradual long-term cooling of 3–5 °C starting near the E-O boundary. These data are in agreement with other MAAT reconstructions from northern midlatitude continents and suggest a general cooling of the Northern Hemisphere during the E-O transition.

Key Words: branched tetraether lipids • air temperature • Eocene • Oligocene • Greenland

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