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Geology; April 2008; v. 36; no. 4; p. 323-326; DOI: 10.1130/G24329A.1
© 2008 Geological Society of America
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Unzipping Long Valley: An explanation for vent migration patterns during an elliptical ring fracture eruption

Eoghan P. Holohan1,*, Valentin R. Troll1, Benjamin van Wyk de Vries2, John J. Walsh3 and Thomas R. Walter4

1 Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
2 Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand, France
3 Fault Analysis Group, School of Geological Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
4 GFZ Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, D-14473, Germany

Correspondence: *E-mail: holohane{at}tcd.ie

Long Valley caldera, California, formed during the cataclysmic Pleistocene eruption of the Bishop Tuff. Previous stratigraphic and petrologic studies of this eruption deciphered an intriguing pattern of vent migration, thought to mirror the lateral propagation ("unzipping") of magma-tapping ring fractures during caldera collapse. From scaled analog models, we show that this unzipping pattern was intrinsically related to the high plan-view ellipticity of the precollapse magma chamber roof. We also provide a first-order kinematic explanation for the systematic location of initial elliptical roof failure and for the lateral propagation of highly elliptical ring fractures.

Key Words: Long Valley caldera • subsidence • ring structures • volcanoes • tectonics






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