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Blake Nose stable isotopic evidence against the mid-Cenomanian glaciation hypothesis

¹Department of Paleobiology, MRC NHB 121, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA
²Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
³Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
⁴Division of Earth Environmental System, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
⁵Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-1380, USA
⁶Division of Nuclear Engineering Science, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan

Correspondence: *E-mail: ando{at}pusan.ac.kr.

Detailed multitaxon stable isotope (¹⁸O and ¹³C) data from Blake Nose (western North Atlantic) argue against a mid-Cenomanian glaciation event during the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse. Results generated are precisely correlated to sea-level changes inferred from European sequence stratigraphy using the twin ¹³C excursions mid-Cenomanian event (MCE) Ia and MCE Ib. Microfossils analyzed (surface-dwelling to deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera, benthic foraminifera, coccoliths) show remarkably consistent intertaxon ¹⁸O and ¹³C offsets; comparative scanning electron microscope and Sr/Ca analyses allow some ¹⁸O data to be eliminated because of selective diagenesis. Across MCE Ia, the proposed interval of major glacioeustatic regression, the planktonic ¹⁸O values are constant for each taxon. The absence of a mean seawater ¹⁸O shift contradicts predictions for the mid-Cenomanian glaciation episode. The benthic ¹⁸O records show significant fluctuations during MCE I, implying short-term variability in North Atlantic intermediate-water and deep-water circulation patterns and/or sources at that time.

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